A helper virus is a virus that allows an otherwise-deficient coinfecting virus to replicate. These can be naturally occurring as with Hepatitis D virus, which requires Hepatitis B virus to coinfect cells in order to replicate. Helper viruses are also commonly used to replicate and spread viral vectors for gene expression and gene therapy.[1]
See also
References
- ^ Graham BS, Crowe JE, Ledgerwood JE (2007). "14 - Immunization Against Viral Diseases". In Knipe DM, Howley PM (eds.). Fields Virology (6 ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health. p. 403.
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- History
- Introduction
- Social history of viruses
- Virology
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| Components |
- Capsid
- Viral envelope
- Viral protein
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| Viral life cycle | |
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| Genetics |
- Antigenic drift
- Antigenic shift
- Phenotype mixing
- Reassortment
- Viral evolution
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| By host | |
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| Other | |
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- Portal
- Category
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Self-replicating organic structures |
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| Cellular life | |
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| Virus |
- dsDNA virus
- ssDNA virus
- dsRNA virus
- (+)ssRNA virus
- (−)ssRNA virus
- ssRNA-RT virus
- dsDNA-RT virus
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Subviral agents | | Viroid |
- Pospiviroidae
- Avsunviroidae
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| | Satellite |
- ssRNA satellite virus
- dsDNA satellite virus (Virophage)
- ssDNA satellite virus
- ssDNA satellite
- dsRNA satellite
- ssRNA satellite (Virusoid)
- Satellite-like nucleic acids
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| Other |
- Defective interfering particle
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| Prion | |
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Nucleic acid self-replication | Mobile genetic elements |
- Mobilome
- Transposable element
- Plasmid
- Cosmid
- Phagemid
- Group I intron
- Group II intron
- Retrozyme
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| Other aspects |
- DNA replication
- Chromosome
- Genome
- Origin of replication
- Endogenous viral element
- Provirus
- Prophage
- Endogenous retrovirus
- Transpoviron
- Repeated sequences in DNA
- Tandem repeat
- Interspersed repeat
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| Endosymbiosis | |
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| Abiogenesis |
- Last universal common ancestor
- Earliest known life forms
- ?RNA life
- †Protocell
- Coacervate
- Proteinoid
- Sulphobe
- Research
- Model lipid bilayer
- Jeewanu
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| See also | |
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