Starr sting pain scale

Starr sting pain scale
Purposecompare the overall pain of hymenopteran stings

The Starr sting pain scale was created by the entomologist Christopher Starr as a scale to compare the overall pain of hymenopteran stings on a four-point scale, an expansion of the "pain index" originally created by Justin Schmidt.[1][2] 1 is the lowest pain rating; 4 is the highest.

Scale

Rating Insects
1.0 Southern fire ant (Solenopsis xyloni), Red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta)
1.5 Western cicada killer (Sphecius grandis)
2.0 Honeybee, Africanized bee, Bumblebees, Yellowjackets
3.0 Velvet ants,, Paper wasps, Florida harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex badius)
4.0 Tarantula hawk (Pepsis grossa), Bullet ant (Paraponera clavata), Warrior wasp (Synoeca septentrionalis)

See also

References

  • Evans, David L. (1990). "Table 14.1". Insect Defenses: Adaptive Mechanisms and Strategies of Prey and Predators. ISBN 0-88706-896-0.
  • Tom Turpin On Six Legs "Insects Bite and Sting for Good Reasons "
  • David B. Williams DesertUSA "Tarantula Hawks"

Notes

  1. ^ Starr, C.K. (1985). "A simple pain scale for field comparison of Hymenopteran stings" (PDF). Journal of Entomological Science. 20 (2): 225–231. doi:10.18474/0749-8004-20.2.225.
  2. ^ Hoyt, E.; Schultz, T., eds. (2002). Insect Lives, Stories of Mystery and Romance from a Hidden World. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-28277-8.
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